1.编程语言使用情况统计与排名
1.1spectrum排名2020
https://spectrum.ieee.org/static/interactive-the-top-programming-languages-2020
1.2 TIOBE Index 2021
https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
TIOBE Index 2021：排名前20的编程语言
| Mar 2021 | Mar 2020 | Programming Language | Ratings | Change |
| 1 | 2 | C | 15.33% | -1.00% |
| 2 | 1 | Java | 10.45% | -7.33% |
| 3 | 3 | Python | 10.31% | 0.20% |
| 4 | 4 | C++ | 6.52% | -0.27% |
| 5 | 5 | C# | 4.97% | -0.35% |
| 6 | 6 | Visual Basic | 4.85% | -0.40% |
| 7 | 7 | JavaScript | 2.11% | 0.06% |
| 8 | 8 | PHP | 2.07% | 0.05% |
| 9 | 12 | Assembly language | 1.97% | 0.72% |
| 10 | 9 | SQL | 1.87% | 0.03% |
| 11 | 10 | Go | 1.31% | 0.03% |
| 12 | 18 | Classic Visual Basic | 1.26% | 0.49% |
| 13 | 11 | R | 1.25% | -0.01% |
| 14 | 20 | Delphi/Object Pascal | 1.20% | 0.48% |
| 15 | 36 | Groovy | 1.19% | 0.94% |
| 16 | 14 | Ruby | 1.18% | 0.13% |
| 17 | 17 | Perl | 1.15% | 0.24% |
| 18 | 15 | MATLAB | 1.04% | 0.05% |
| 19 | 13 | Swift | 0.95% | -0.28% |
| 20 | 19 | Objective-C | 0.91% | 0.17% |
1.3 kdnuggets polls
https://www.kdnuggets.com/2020/06/data-science-tools-popularity-animated.html
2.编程语言历史
2.1 维基百科：编程语言的历史
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming_languages
2.2 布朗大学Andrew D. Ferguson博文：编程语言
http://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html
2.3 Oreilly出版社的PDF格式文件：编程语言历史图
http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/news/languageposter_0504.html
2.4 scriptol网站博文：编程语言历史与演变
History and Evolution of Programming Languages：Timeline of general-purpose programming languages
Denis Sureau
http://www.scriptol.com/programming/history.php
2.5Veracode网站提供的编程语言历史的信息图infographics
